Proposition 5.1.5.label Let $(X,\Si,\mu)$ be a measure space then
- (1)
For any $E,F\in\Si$ such that $E\suf F$ then $\mu(E)\leq \mu(F)$
- (2)
For any $\curl{E_n }_{n\in\N}\suf\Si$ we have $\mu \parens{\cups{}{n\in\N}E_n }\leq \sums{}{n\in\N}\mu(E_{n})$
- (3)
For any $\curl{E_n }_{n\in\N}\suf\Si$ with $E_{n}\suf E_{n+1}$ for all $n\in\N$ we have $\mu \parens{\cups{}{n\in\N}E_n }= \limit{n\to\infty}\mu(E_{n})=\SUP{n\in\N}\mu(E_{n})$
- (4)
For any $\curl{E_n }_{n\in\N}\suf\Si$ with $E_{n}\supf E_{n+1}$ for all $n\in\N$ and $\mu(E_{k})<\infty$ for some $k\in\N$ then $\mu \parens{\caps{}{n\in\N}E_n}=\limit{n\to\infty}\mu(E_{n})=\INF{n\in\N}\mu(E_{n})$
- (5)
For any $\curl{E_n}_{n\in\N}\suf\Si$
\begin{align*}\mu \parens{\limitinf{n\to\infty }E_n}\leq \limitinf{n\to\infty}\mu(E_{n})\end{align*} - (6)
For any $\curl{E_n}_{n\in\N}\suf\Si$ with $\mu\parens{\cups{}{n\in\N}E_n}<\infty$
\begin{align*}\mu \parens{\limitsup{n\to\infty }E_n}\leq \limitsup{n\to\infty}\mu(E_{n})\end{align*}
Proof.
- (1)
$\mu(F)=\mu(E)+\mu(F\del E)\geq \mu(E)$
- (2)
For each $n\in\N^{+}$ let $F_{n}\define E_{n}\del \cups{n-1}{i=1}E_{i}$ then $\curl{F_n}_{n\in\N}$ is pairwise disjoint and $\dcups{}{n\in\N}F_{n}=\cups{}{n\in\N}E_{n}$ hence
\begin{align*}\mu \parens{\cups{}{n\in\N}E_n}=\mu \parens{\dcups{}{n\in\N}F_n }=\sums{}{n\in\N}\mu(F_{n})\leq \sums{}{n\in\N}\mu(E_{n})\end{align*} - (3)
For each $n\in\N^{+}$ let $F_{n}\define E_{n}\del E_{n-1}$ then $\curl{F_n}_{n\in\N}$ is pairwise disjoint and $\dcups{}{n\in\N}F_{n}=\cups{}{n\in\N}E_{n}$ hence
\begin{align*}\mu \parens{\cups{}{n\in\N}E_n}&=\mu \parens{\dcups{}{n\in\N}F_n }=\sums{}{n\in\N}\mu(F_{n})\\&=\limit{n\to\infty}\sums{}{m\leq n}\mu(F_{m})=\limit{n\to\infty}\mu(E_{n})=\SUP{n\in\N}\mu(E_{n})\end{align*} - (4)
Since $\mu(E_{k})<\infty$
\begin{align*}\limit{n\to\infty}\mu(E_{n})&=\mu(E_{k})-\limit{n\to\infty}\mu(E_{k}\del E_{k+n})\\&=\mu(E_{k})-\mu\parens{E_k\del\caps{}{n\in\N^+}E_{k+n}}=\mu\parens{\caps{}{n\in\N^+}E_{k+n}}=\mu\parens{\caps{}{n\in\N^+}E_n}\end{align*} - (5)
By (1) and (3)
\begin{align*}\mu\parens{\limitinf{n\to\infty}E_n}&=\mu\parens{\cups{}{n\in\N^+}\caps{}{m\geq n}E_m}=\limit{n\to\infty}\mu\parens{\caps{}{m\geq n}E_m}\\&\leq\limit{n\to\infty}\INF{m\geq n}\mu(E_{m})=\limitinf{n\to\infty}\mu(E_{n})\end{align*} - (6)
By (1) and (4)
\begin{align*}\mu\parens{\limitsup{n\to\infty}E_n}&=\mu\parens{\caps{}{n\in\N^+}\cups{}{m\geq n}E_m}=\limit{n\to\infty}\mu\parens{\cups{}{m\geq n}E_m}\\&\geq\limit{n\to\infty}\SUP{m\geq n}\mu(E_{m})=\limitsup{n\to\infty}\mu(E_{n})\end{align*}
$\square$
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