Definition 3.1.5 (Base of Topology).label Let $X$ be a set then $\cali{B}\suf\cali{P}(X)$ is a base if it satisfies:

  1. (B1)

    For each $x\in X$ there exists $B_{x}\in\cali{B}$ such that $x\in B_{x}$ i.e. $\cali{B}$ is a covering of $X$

  2. (B2)

    If $x\in B_{1},B_{2}\in\cali{B}$ then there exists $B_{3}\in\cali{B}$ such that $x\in B_{3}\suf B_{1}\cap B_{2}$

then the topology generated by $\cali{B}$ defined as

\begin{align*}\tau(\cali{B})\define\curl{\cups{}{i\in I}B_i:\curl{B_i}_{i\in I}\suf \cali{B},I\text{ index set}}\end{align*}

is a topology on $X$. Suppose $X$ has a topology $\tau$ then we say $\cali{B}$ is a base for $\tau$ if $\cali{B}\suf \tau$ and

  1. (B’1)

    $\cali{B}$ satisfies (B1)

  2. (B’2)

    For each $x\in X, U\in\tau$ such that $x\in U$, there exists $B\in\cali{B}$ such that $x\in B\suf U$

in which case $\tau=\tau(\cali{B})$.

Proof. If $\cali{B}$ is a base then $\emp=\cups{}{\emp}\in\tau(\cali{B})$ and by (B1) $X=\cups{}{x\in X}B_{x}\in \tau(\cali{B})$ showing (O1). Observe that for any $\curl{B_i}_{i\in I},\curl{B_j}_{j\in J}\suf\cali{B}$ and $*\in \curl{\cap,\cup}$ we have

\begin{align*}\parens{\cups{}{i\in I}B_i}*\parens{\cups{}{j\in J }B_j}=\cups{}{i\in I}\cups{}{j\in J}B_{i}* B_{j}\end{align*}

by (B2) this observation shows (O3) and

\begin{align*}\cups{}{j\in J}U_{j}=\cups{}{j\in J}\cups{}{i\in I_j}B_{i,j}=\cups{}{(k,\el)\in \prods{}{j\in J}I_j\ti J }B_{k,\el(k)}\end{align*}

shows (O2).

Suppose now that $\cali{B}$ is a base for $\tau$ then by (O3) and $\cali{B}\suf \tau$ we have $\tau(\cali{B})\suf \tau$. For any $U\in \tau$ either $U=\emp\in\tau(\cali{B})$, or $U\neq \emp$. In which case by (B’2) for each $x\in U$ pick $B_{x}\in\cali{B}$ such that $x\in B_{x}\suf U$ then $U=\cups{}{x\in U }B_{x}\in \tau(\cali{B})$ as desired.$\square$

Comments

Bokuan Li
May 27th at 05:24

You probably don’t need $* \in \{\cap, \cup\}$ if you only use it for $\cap$. The union for (O2) shouldn’t be over the product $I_{j} \times J$, since $I_{j}$ depends on $J$. Instead, it should be something like: Let $\{U_{j}\}_{j \in J}\subset \tau(\mathcal{B})$. For each $j \in J$, let $I_{j}$ such that $U_{j} = \bigcup_{i \in I_j}B_{i, j}$, then

\[\bigcup_{j \in J}U_{j} = \bigcup_{j \in J}\bigcup_{i \in I_j}B_{i, j}= \bigcup_{(k, f) \in J \times \prod_{j \in J}I_j}B_{k, f\paren{k}}\]

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